How to Make a Second-Floor Fire Attack Using Water Mapping (E10: Firefighting Tactics With Pete Morotto)

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On this episode of Fully Involved,

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more and more and more of this,

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we are going to get a little tired. Right.

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These are people are

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Am I moving water? I sure am

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But a lot of water is not going to the affected area.

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you take advantage of what this water mapping prop does, you can actually see where the water goes

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the crew is back at Connecticut Fire Academy to find out how to get more water where you need it. With less fatigue.

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We’ll answer five questions about stream tactics, specifically one. Which nozzle works best for this situation?

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Two. How can I master pre staging for the second floor?

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Three.

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How can stream placement totally change my second floor push?

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up.

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Four.

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What should the slide in to the bedroom look like?

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are

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Five.

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Why does stream angle matter?

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We’ll use two different water mapping props.

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your stream.

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And finally a bonus tale board talk with instructor Pete Morano.

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is going to go ahead and control that common hallway,

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control that environment and make our push easier.

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The fully involved crew is back for a third episode in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, with instructors Pete Murano and Brian Hurst.

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I like

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Episode eight was all about making a low staffed push to a fire on the first floor of a typical New England house.

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in episode nine.

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The crew covered exterior water application in the living room.

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Now, in episode ten, the mission is get to a second floor bedroom fire fast.

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And the instructors are going deep on stream placement and water mapping with two different props and a burn building.

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We pick things up in the stairwell up to the second floor. After having put the living room fire out.

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gonna look at this as we’re advancing, and we’re going to treat this as a residential stairwell.

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You know, whether it be a multi-family, two and a half storey with a wood frame or just a regular residential where we’re trying the top

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floor, we’ll treat it as such. Where we have fire that is maybe, overtaking the second floor residential allowed a couple rooms.

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We’re starting to see the effects of, of obviously smoke starting to be in the stairwell. Did have good fire on arrival. So how are we going to go ahead and control the stairwell? So we can

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make a push?

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Let’s define a couple terms that you’re going to hear in this episode. One is water mapping. Essentially the study of how nozzle pattern, angle and movement affect where the water goes, how it maps across surfaces.

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instead of straight down like it was previously thought.

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You’ll hear Captain Morano say it. What is the water actually doing?

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Another term you’ll hear reflex time.

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So as units arrive, based on your staffing and your response profile to how fast those task is done. So generally on the Fireground, you know, fire attack, first engine takes care of fire track fire attack and your first truck or outside truck. But, we’ll take care of outside ventilation as well as search in the inside. So, you know, depending on how your department route, response arrives and the timing all that, you may have an engine company on scene for five minutes before the next company comes up and assist you in any of those tasks.

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So you are working in a resource. If there’s no ventilation prior to your arrival.

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Time for question one. What equipment works best for a second floor push?

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In this exercise, the crew chooses an inch and three quarter line, a smoothbore nozzle with a 7/8 inch tip, and they’re flowing about 160 gallons a minute.

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we’re talking about residential and hand lines. I like that that smoothbore 17 is tit for sure for this application. Again, if we were going to use the fog nozzle here, that’s fine. We just have to make sure always on straight stream and make sure especially with we’re moving as a as low staffing situation.

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So if you’re moving low staffing that means you’re doing a lot of pulling a lot of moving.

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So just be careful and be cautious. If you’re doing a lot of that with the combination or fog nozzle on there. It’s not your intent. But as you’re dragging and pulling line that might kick back to fog. So get into the habit of wood before you open

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that nozzle.

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You should have that muscle memory where you go right to that right to fight. Make sure it’s all the way over, because you don’t want to open up into that fog stream for you’re going to get that air and train, but you’re going to get that push behind you,

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right? You’re going to create when you’re going generate a little bit more steam.

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So especially for what we’re talking about with that remote water application, that laser beam smoothbore nozzle is really is really the star for something like that. Is there a place in structural firefighting for a dispersed pattern?

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So using a dispersed pattern as far as for active fire situations, I don’t I don’t like it. We can move into more of hydraulic ventilation, which a lot of companies will use it for hydraulic ventilation, especially if you’re talking about low staffing.

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They may not have the ability to have, you know, a truck company with them on the floor. So a very easy to get quick knockdown. They might be searching off a line. Hey, you know, we have a we

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have an exhaust point here. Let’s go ahead and transition to that five to do some hydraulic ventilation. So it definitely has its point.

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And believe it or not a lot of departments will use it as such. So again depending on your application they have their points. But for the active fire for the for the fight of the fire, the you’re making sure that straight stream for sure is going to be because then we’ll show you the air trim stuff and what it does later on.

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Question two what pre staging mistakes can I avoid before making the push?

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What struck me with this evolution was like, the stairs. Is your friend from the fire? Yeah, but the stairs is not always your friend from is it? Basement? So, like, your first restaging in that stairwell is a mass, right? So again, it’s just like on the outside we’re pre staging for the job. How much hose that we need for the job.

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When you pull up, when you look at the fire you should understand based on the size of the building where the fire is showing from how much hose you’re going to need for the job. If we’re going for a second floor fire, right, we want to get all that hose into the first floor for the job, for the second floor.

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And as you’re starting to progress up the stairs, right, bringing that nozzle with you is a must, because that’s going to that’s going to go ahead and say, at least I have at least 25ft with me at all times so I can start to make my initial push into the building. So again, understanding the job is going to help tremendously.

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Last thing you want to do. Yes, too sterile is a terrible position. If there’s no fire below you and you can really take your time, even with a good fire on the second floor, it is a very tangible position. So you can get your hose line, you can get everything where it needs to be, gives you a second get free stage and move and do what you have to do.

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to the homes. You have the obstacles of all the corners. You know how. Please come to the. So free staging hose over here. This would be the job of the back of guy and the control guy. And then obviously getting enough line up. Some of the farmers actually actually advance the whole uncharged hose line with the coupling in the nozzle at the top of stairs, then charges

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We should be telling everybody coming in the building, especially moving into a second floor fire.

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Everybody grab a hose. Moved here. If you’re not the engine company, just get some hose into the stairwell to help move the line.

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But again, using those techniques of pinning and moving and getting that stream where we want it to be helps you tremendously. Because if you just waited to say, oh,

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I got to get enough hose up here, I’m not going to open up until I get to the fire room.

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You know, that’s a lot of work. Yeah, right. And what takes a lot of work and reflex time, what’s going to happen? Fire is going to keep moving and moving and moving. So

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now this terrible position here that we might have to go search is not tenable anymore because we never controlled this area. Right. So we control the area a little bit, gives us just a touch more reflex time to get in and do what we can do.

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You.

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Question three time to make the push up stairs. What stream tactics can level up your attack.

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And what about coordinating with search.

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So let’s look at tactics right. So you’re out. You’re you’re the nozzle man I’m not now in line. You have a search crew coming up behind you. They’re waiting for you to basically cool that environment.

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The nozzle man cools the hallway. You have a room. This fully involved over here may or may not have auto vented. Right. But the search crew has to make its way down the hallway. Well, you’re not going to continually wet that hallway and soak those guys. Start banking it off the top corner of that room and getting it into that room and start cooling that environment.

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There that allow the search for to come down,

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take a peek, maybe reach in. But that room is probably untenable. If that room is fully involved. There’s no survivability. Yeah. Okay. So they might take a look real quick to see if they can reach in and see a victim that might be, you know, a survival, have any survivability, grab and pull them or keep moving down the hallway.

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Now you can move behind them and then suppress that fire.

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Right, if it’s the engine company I have the weapon here. This is the answer. But it’s not – right – because there are other people on the fireground that are going to aggressively try to get ahead of me to do their jobs. So while I’m, you know, from a position of advantage if I can cool the common hallway now while I’m getting ready to move in, they can scoot ahead to get into a search.

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That’s right. Mind. Do I want to control the flow path? And by doing this I’m controlling either. If we’re working in that, in that exhaust, or we’re controlling that flow path that is that’s the bread and butter with this. This is why it works. That’s cool.

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Getting up into the stairwell. Pretty terrible position. Usually, you know, you could only be 1 or 2 steps down in the mid landing with, with heavy fire condition above you and pretty much be like, we’re talking about like a mask on.

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So it’s a good opportunity and get in place. If this was a multifamily and you structure over the floor below, you’d want to go ahead and do your stream check here. Get on here to your business. We’re

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treating this as a residential. We came in with the chart shows like. So again we get up here, we want to start to control that common area

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so we can then make our advance out.

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So what he’s going to do is once a normal person opens up the line, he’s going to work the top of that doorframe nice and slow. He’s going to just push that water and get a good deflection into the room. Go ahead.

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You can do the water slide right. You start to push it back in a way to do a little bit.

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Right. There’s a lot of actual person forces. What

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So again, coming off the stairwell, the angles are going to be important, critical for that remote stream application or the penetration of the reach of the stream for sure.

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So I’ll make sure we’re covering most area that we can with with little with as little work involved as we can from that position advantage. So again, by positioning yourself on the other side of the hallway, you’re not only helping with the pre staging of the hose line, you’re helping your backup person as they’re pre staging that loop to anticipate your movements.

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But now you’re also getting in a position where you can get more scrub area that room. So even though coming off the stairwell we controlled this front common area, we still had to move down and move into another room. So by controlling that area, using the stream at the top of the door frames, kicking it back in the room, resetting the fire using the deflection by the time the nozzle in position himself and the other side, and was able to get full movement into the room.

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A lot of this fire would have been darkened down in this particular area off the stairwell. So then he was able to go ahead and transition that smoothly over to then create more of a more of a painting motion across the ceiling and transition back down into a sweep the floor. And then we’re able to go and just move into the main firearm

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To show you exactly what the water is doing. The crew heads outside to the water mapping prop.

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when we were advancing into that same remote bedroom door hallway. This is what it looks like in a prop.

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then we’ll show position of advantage or opportunity of using the reach of the stream to penetrate into a room and how the water actually gets dispersed inside the water mapping problem.

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So if you look at the early stages of water mapping and where it started, how it how it was really collected was buckets. Right. They put five gallon buckets down in a room, and they would do different nozzle patterns and see how the water was actually collected, which meant where was it dispersing, where was it going. Right. So this prop gives us a better look because now we can actually see what the water is doing.

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Right? Okay. Here’s a big difference between.

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Your beer or.

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Let’s talk about painting the hallway or going in and controlling that area just by that minimal movement. Right. I’ve got water to do what I wanted to do to cool the common hallway.

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show you if you saw the full circle. I’m going to show you the minimal nozzle movement and to map water into the hallway. So we’re just going to quickly. You might not like it. Please. So if I use this.

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Right over the space. Am I moving water? I sure am right. But a lot of water is not going to the affected area. Now, if I was just going to go ahead and rapidly cool this hallway. Okay, so what I can do is if I get in position, right, bring myself in here. Right. I talked about that arm’s length as far as you can reach.

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Can I go ahead and water the.

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Pool that environment with little or no movement. Right. Okay. If the ceiling wall, floor is your thing, understand? That’s fine. Is going to take a little bit more work from the single nozzle person, but from a position of advantage, by getting the hose line up, cooling the common area, I really mapped that water correctly and it really dispersed wherever.

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To the other. So now you can see if you look there. We’re starting to get some water. Now start to cool that area though. So I’m going to stop right. Well look at the hallway. Look at what’s going on in the hallway with the water. We still.

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Question for the crew. Slides into the bedroom to put out the fire.

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what kind of response is coming up real quick. Guys himself from a position of advantage.

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Year on, year on year. Weirdo. Jam back and forth real quick. Here to show in that conversation that room. All right. Again. Now then there was shut down half halfway to do the slide into the room. Open up.

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These are people are not that all friends?

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Good to go.

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What’s the room? Well, if I.

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Go. If I do that, I can open up. Really? How much water did I get in that room? Really not effective.

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I we.

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So again, you got the effectiveness of what the water looks like. But now from here, if I utilize the screen in such a manner or I’m using a position advantage and I’m taking it off and sealing the door frame, whatever I can to get water in that room washes out.

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So you truly should be able to see the effectiveness of. I didn’t move my position. My interior position as I did was change the way I was deflecting the stream. And I was able to get more water into that room, into the effective area with just keeping the nozzle, you know, straight and move it very, very little back and forth at the ceiling, kicking it off that door.

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It’s all about resetting the room. If I could reset the room from the common all the way, I made my job easier. Once I do, get to the room and move in.

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Now it’s time for a bonus tip on finishing the job stronger.

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once you’re in that fire room, you may not have done a complete search.

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fire is suppressed. I don’t have to work this nozzle like, man, I’ve already worked

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inside a building up the stairs and in the fire room.

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Take it easy on yourself. Flip this vortex pattern and allow the stream to ventilate the rooms.

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This vortex nozzle wall is a solid stream, smooth bore nozzle for that exterior application. You can rotate to a vortex pattern, put it out the window, and hydraulically ventilate. Clear the room for any occupants you still have inside.

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And, if you need to, you can slip right back into a smooth bore pattern.

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All operating at 50 psi.

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Back in Connecticut, it’s time for the final question. Why does stream angle matter?

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the top of the window and how we can deflect from the location. Yeah.

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It’s.

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Safer. And it’s. We got water to do what we wanted to do in that room. Okay. The water was delivered to the room from a remote location. This can be either from the stairwell, like we talked about before. It can be from the exterior to reset the fire. Or it can be as you’re moving down that hallway and you have position advantage based on the side of the hallway or on to keep that stream up, to keep it high and to move that water into the room.

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if you’re going to set up a ground monitor or you have a defensive stream that comes off the rig first. You’re using a two and a half using a monitor. It’s going to be the same thing. You’re going to get that position hot from position advantage, which is going to be at the ceiling level right.

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For right there that goes without that. And then your your plan is to do a transition off of that and break down an inch three quarter a wire off of two and a half. It’s going to work very, very well for that. Conversely, if you’re using an aerial or a decking application and you’re shooting down, what are you what are you not getting?

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What are you risking? So, so shooting down is you’re just getting one angle, right? You’re getting water to fill right in the problem of water to fill. It’s just not doing what it wants you to do. It’s not getting the void spaces. It’s not reaching. It’s not getting into the ceiling. It’s not reaching the sheetrock. If you’re using rapid water for an aerial, you want that rapid cooling of probably for the floor.

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So by getting that aerial down and getting it up, you’re getting into the knee. While you’re getting into the attic space, you’re starting to rapidly cool. And that’s what you’re going to want from the use of the aerial master stream,

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right. The crowd pleaser being off at the end, dumping water into something has no roof on it. That’s a garbage fire at that point.

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But to have truly a tactical stream from an aerial or something larger, lines like that, you want to get it down

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and you want to get it off. You want to get into that attic space, that cock loft, a void space you rapidly cooling

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you’ll see a spectacular fire and there’s massive streams up and everybody’s above shooting down. You’re not getting anything.

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It’s everything’s burning under the roof. Right. You got to get onto the soffits, under the eaves and shoot up,

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to how you get that water to mop up into the attic space, or the void space is put fire on

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And if you watch, if you take advantage of what this water mapping prop does, you can actually see where the water goes because we have the open roof. So the biggest problem, like we discussed before with getting water in and under the roof, right. The advantage is not going to be from above.

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The advantage is from below. So a quick reset again maybe even

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with this inch and three quarter handline or two and a half if you can identify on your size of that, the construction of the building is going

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to allow you to get water up into the eaves, whether it’s a plastic or vinyl soft, and it’s going to burn away. Obviously, if it’s solid, that’s going to be a bigger problem.

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But if it’s something that you can get a line up into for a fire that’s in the attic space, you will rapidly slow down the progression of that to the point where you can now get in pole ceilings and do all your interior firefighting and checking for extension. So I’ll open the line and we’re going to watch how the water.

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Going up.

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with the water went up, it goes up over the roof, over the rafters, and down and cools that attic space. So if I can rapidly do, especially in a lower staffing situation where I don’t have a lot of people internally get in there, start opening up again. If you have 30 people that show up, people are going to get they’re going to open up, they’re going to do their job.

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But here, if you can slow down the progression of that in the attic space, you’ve just bought yourself some reflex time to get your interior lines and open up and do it. Is this going to be something you won’t be able to do all time? Absolutely not. I’m not going to do it at a two and a half story frame.

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I’m not going to get good reach at different building construction, but if the building construction warrants it and you can do it. Not a bad idea. Give it a shot.

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Now for a bonus tale board talk Pete Marano ties the lesson together.

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Everything from position advantage, the side of the hallway to application of the water to movement of the stream is exactly the same. Yeah. And you can see where if we’re if we’re coining it as residential structure firefighting.

00:21:14:02 – 00:21:29:06
Unknown
This works. This works because think about your normal residential side structure from the front from the front door hallway. I can reach most of that first floor with a good position of advantage for my house on the right. Not saying I want to stay there, but I’m slowing it down so I can reset it to figure out what’s going on.

00:21:29:06 – 00:21:46:13
Unknown
Where’s the fire coming from? What’s the extension? How severe is it? Right? A lot of times we don’t know that. You just take the door and you get that small box. There’s a lot of energy coming out of that box, okay? You’re getting turbulent smoke. You’re getting turbulent. Push, push, push. A lot of times we miss what is truly burning and what’s going on, right?

00:21:46:16 – 00:22:06:27
Unknown
A significant foam mattress burning in a small bedroom is going to look like the end of the world for us, where that’s all it is, because that’s all we’re seeing now. If I cool, those fire gases start to deflect that stream into that room, I’m going to slow the process of that flow path down. We’re going to have an easier time working in the exhaust, getting to the point of origin and knocking fire

00:22:06:27 – 00:22:15:25
Unknown
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